Hollow micro/nanostructured materials prepared by ion exchange synthesis and their potential applications
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In recent years there has been a growing interest in synthesizing hollow micro/nanostructure materials using ion exchange methods. This approach was largely enabled by physical and chemical breakthroughs that allowed the reproducible and affordable synthesis of such structures. This Review Article aims at summarizing the approaches based on ion exchange methods. It is not intended as a comprehensive coverage of the field, which can in part be found in other excellent reviews, but rather a selection of those contributions that we feel would most help put this emerging field in perspective. Preliminary studies show that the ion exchange method provides a simple and effective route for the synthesis of hollow micro/nanostructures and also results in other complex nanostructures that are challenging to be synthesized by conventional methods. Finally, applications of hollow structures in lithium-ion batteries, photocatalysis, and biomedicine are discussed.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it