Expansion of alpine glaciers in Pacific North America in the first millennium A.D.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Research Article| January 01, 2006 Expansion of alpine glaciers in Pacific North America in the first millennium A.D. Alberto V. Reyes; Alberto V. Reyes 1Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Gregory C. Wiles; Gregory C. Wiles 2Department of Geology, The College of Wooster, Wooster, Ohio 44691, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Dan J. Smith; Dan J. Smith 3University of Victoria Tree-Ring Laboratory, Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P5, Canada Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar David J. Barclay; David J. Barclay 4Department of Geology, State University of New York, Cortland, New York 13045, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Sandra Allen; Sandra Allen 5 University of Victoria Tree-Ring Laboratory, Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P5, Canada Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Scott Jackson; Scott Jackson 5 University of Victoria Tree-Ring Laboratory, Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P5, Canada Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Sonya Larocque; Sonya Larocque 5 University of Victoria Tree-Ring Laboratory, Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P5, Canada Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Sarah Laxton; Sarah Laxton 5 University of Victoria Tree-Ring Laboratory, Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P5, Canada Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Dave Lewis; Dave Lewis 5 University of Victoria Tree-Ring Laboratory, Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P5, Canada Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Parker E. Calkin; Parker E. Calkin 6Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar John J. Clague John J. Clague 7Department of Earth Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information Alberto V. Reyes 1Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada Gregory C. Wiles 2Department of Geology, The College of Wooster, Wooster, Ohio 44691, USA Dan J. Smith 3University of Victoria Tree-Ring Laboratory, Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P5, Canada David J. Barclay 4Department of Geology, State University of New York, Cortland, New York 13045, USA Sandra Allen 5 University of Victoria Tree-Ring Laboratory, Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P5, Canada Scott Jackson 5 University of Victoria Tree-Ring Laboratory, Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P5, Canada Sonya Larocque 5 University of Victoria Tree-Ring Laboratory, Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P5, Canada Sarah Laxton 5 University of Victoria Tree-Ring Laboratory, Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P5, Canada Dave Lewis 5 University of Victoria Tree-Ring Laboratory, Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P5, Canada Parker E. Calkin 6Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA John J. Clague 7Department of Earth Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada Publisher: Geological Society of America Received: 26 May 2005 Revision Received: 21 Sep 2005 Accepted: 23 Sep 2005 First Online: 09 Mar 2017 Online ISSN: 1943-2682 Print ISSN: 0091-7613 Geological Society of America Geology (2006) 34 (1): 57–60. https://doi.org/10.1130/G21902.1 Article history Received: 26 May 2005 Revision Received: 21 Sep 2005 Accepted: 23 Sep 2005 First Online: 09 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation Alberto V. Reyes, Gregory C. Wiles, Dan J. Smith, David J. Barclay, Sandra Allen, Scott Jackson, Sonya Larocque, Sarah Laxton, Dave Lewis, Parker E. Calkin, John J. Clague; Expansion of alpine glaciers in Pacific North America in the first millennium A.D.. Geology 2006;; 34 (1): 57–60. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/G21902.1 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGeology Search Advanced Search Abstract Radiocarbon ages and lichen-dated moraines from 17 glaciers in coastal and near- coastal British Columbia and Alaska document a widespread glacier advance during the first millennium A.D. Glaciers at several sites began advancing ca. A.D. 200–300 based on radiocarbon-dated overridden forests. The advance is centered on A.D. 400–700, when glaciers along an ∼2000 km transect of the Pacific North American cordillera overrode forests, impounded lakes, and deposited moraines. The synchroneity of this glacier advance and inferred cooling over a large area suggest a regional climate forcing and, together with other proxy evidence for late Holocene environmental change during the Medieval Warm Period and Little Ice Age, provide support for millennial-scale climate variability in the North Pacific region. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".