Identification and characterization of a NaCl‐inducible vacuolar Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup> antiporter in <i>Beta vulgaris</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We have cloned, by RT-PCR and the use of degenerate oligonucleotide primers, a Na+/H+ antiporter from Beta vulgaris that is homologous to NHX1 of Arabidopsis thaliana and is a member of the family of recently cloned plant NHX-genes. This antiporter, BvNHX1, partially complements the salt-sensitive phenotype of a Deltaena1-4Deltanhx1 yeast strain. Antibodies were raised against a central portion of the BvNHX1 open reading frame that was predicted from the cloned cDNA. This antiporter was found to be highly enriched in tonoplast membranes isolated from plant tissues. BvNHX1 transcript abundance increased after salt treatments, in both suspension-cell cultures and whole plants. BvNHX1 protein abundance in the tonoplast-enriched membranes was also elevated after salt treatments. The vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter activity increased up to 3-fold when the cell were exposed to 100 mM NaCl. The increase in protein abundance in response to the salt treatment, together with the salt-induced vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter activity in B. vulgaris suggests that BvNHX1 plays an important role in salinity tolerance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".