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Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010
Theo Vos, Abraham D Flaxman, Mohsen Naghavi, Rafael Lozano, Catherine Michaud, Majid Ezzati, Kenji Shibuya, Joshua A. Salomon, Safa Abdalla, Victor Aboyans, Jerry Abraham, Ilana N. Ackerman, Rakesh Aggarwal, Stephanie Y Ahn, Mohammed K. Ali, Mohammad A. AlMazroa, Miriam Alvarado, H Ross Anderson, Laurie Anderson, Kathryn Andrews, Charles Atkinson, Larry M. Baddour, Adil N Bahalim, Suzanne Barker‐Collo, Lope H. Barrero, David Bartels, Marı́a-Gloria Basáñez, Amanda Baxter, Michelle L. Bell, Emelia J. Benjamin, Derrick Bennett, Eduardo Bernabé, Kavi Bhalla, Bishal Bhandari, Boris Bikbov, Aref Bin Abdulhak, Gretchen L. Birbeck, James A Black, Hannah Blencowe, Jed D Blore, Fiona Blyth, Ian Bolliger, Audrey Bonaventure, Soufiane Boufous, Rupert Bourne, Michel Boussinesq, Tasanee Braithwaite, Carol Brayne, Lisa Bridgett, Simon Brooker, Peter Brooks, Traolach Brugha, Claire Bryan-Hancock, Chiara Bucello, Rachelle Buchbinder, Geoffrey Buckle, Christine M. Budke, Michael Burch, Peter Burney, Roy Burstein, Bianca Calabria, Benjamin Campbell, Charles E. Canter, Hélène Carabin, Jonathan R. Carapetis, Loreto Carmona, Claudia Cella, Fiona Charlson, Honglei Chen, Andrew Tai-Ann Cheng, David Chou, Sumeet S. Chugh, Luc E. Coffeng, Steven D Colan, Samantha Colquhoun, K. Ellicott Colson, John R. Condon, Myles Connor, Leslie T. Cooper, Matthew Corriere, Monica Cortinovis, William Couser, Michael H Criqui, Marita Cross, Kaustubh Dabhadkar, Manu Dahiya, Nabila Dahodwala, James Damsere-Derry, Goodarz Danaei, Adrian Davis, Diego De Leo, Louisa Degenhardt, Robert P. Dellavalle, Allyne Delossantos, Julie O. Denenberg, Sarah Derrett, Don C. Des Jarlais, Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne, Mukesh Dherani, Cèsar Díaz‐Torné, Helen Dolk, E. Ray Dorsey, Tim Driscoll, Herbert C. Duber, Beth E. Ebel, Karen Edmond, Suad Eltahir Ali, Holly E Erskine, Patricia J. Erwin, Patricia Espindola, Stalin E Ewoigbokhan, Farshad Farzadfar, Valery L. Feigin, David T. Felson, Alize J Ferrari, Cleusa P. Ferri, Eric M. Fèvre, Mariel M. Finucane, Seth Flaxman, Louise Flood, Kyle J Foreman, Mohammad H. Forouzanfar, F.G.R. Fowkes, Richard C. Franklin, Marlene Fransen, Michael K Freeman, Belinda J. Gabbe, Sherine E. Gabriel, Emmanuela Gakidou, Hammad A. Ganatra, Bianca Garcia, Flavio Gaspari, Richard F Gillum, Gerhard Gmel, Richard A. Gosselin, Rebecca Grainger, Justina Groeger, Francis Guillemin, David Gunnell, Ramyani Gupta, Juanita A. Haagsma, Holly Hagan, Yara A. Halasa, Wayne Hall, Diana Haring, Josep María Haro, James Harrison, Rasmus Havmoeller, Roderick J. Hay, Hideki Higashi, Catherine Hill, Bruno Hoen, Howard J. Hoffman, Peter J. Hotez, Damian Hoy, John J. Huang, S Ibeanusi, Kathryn H. Jacobsen, Spencer L James, Deborah Jarvis, Rashmi Jasrasaria, Sudha Jayaraman, Nicole E. Johns, Jost B. Jonas, Ganesan Karthikeyan, Nicholas J Kassebaum, Norito Kawakami, Andre Keren, Jon‐Paul Khoo, Charles H. King, Lisa Marie Knowlton, Olive Kobusingye, Adofo Koranteng, Rita Krishnamurthi, Ratilal Lalloo, Laura L Laslett, Timothy Lathlean, Janet L Leasher, Yong Yi Lee, J. Paul Leigh, Stephen S Lim, Elizabeth Limb, John K. Lin, Michael S. Lipnick, Steven E. Lipshultz, Wei Liu, Maria Loane, Summer Lockett Ohno, Ronan A Lyons, Jixiang Ma, Jacqueline Mabweijano, Michael F MacIntyre, Reza Malekzadeh, Leslie Mallinger, Sivabalan Manivannan, Wagner Marcenes, Lyn March, David J Margolis, Guy B. Marks, Robin Marks, Akira Matsumori, Richard Matzopoulos, Bongani M. Mayosi, John H. McAnulty, Mary Mcdermott, Neil McGill, John J. McGrath, María Elena Medina‐Mora, Michele Meltzer, Ziad A. Memish, George A. Mensah, Tony R. Merriman, Ana‐Claire Meyer, Valeria Miglioli, Matthew Miller, Ted R. Miller, Philip B. Mitchell, Ana Olga Mocumbi, Terrie E. Moffitt, Ali A Mokdad, Lorenzo Monasta, Marcella Montico, Maziar Moradi‐Lakeh, Andrew Moran, Lídia Morawska, Rintaro Mori, Michele E Murdoch, Michael Mwaniki, Kovin Naidoo, Manisha Nair, Luigi Naldi, KM Venkat Narayan, Paul K Nelson, Robert G. Nelson, Michael C. Nevitt, Charles R. Newton, Sandra Nolte, Paul E. Norman, Rosana Norman, Martin O’Donnell, Simon J. O’Hanlon, Casey Olives, Saad B Omer, Katrina Ortblad, Richard H. Osborne, Doruk Ozgediz, Andrew Page, Bishnu Pahari, Jeyaraj Pandian, Andrea Rivero, Scott B. Patten, Neil Pearce, Rogelio Perez Padilla, Fernando Pérez-Ruiz, Norberto Perico, Konrad Pesudovs, David Phillips, Michael Phillips, Kelsey Pierce, Sébastien D. S. Pion, Guilherme V. Polanczyk, Suzanne Polinder, C Arden Pope, Svetlana Popova, Esteban Porrini, Farshad Pourmalek, Martin Prince, Rachel L. Pullan, K. D. Ramaiah, Dharani Ranganathan, Homie Razavi, Mathilda Regan, Jürgen T Rehm, David B. Rein, Kathryn Richardson, Frederick P. Rivara, Thomas Roberts, Carolyn Robinson, Felipe Rodríguez De León, Luca Ronfani, Robin Room, Lisa C Rosenfeld, Lesley Rushton, Ralph L. Sacco, Sukanta Saha, Uchechukwu K.A. Sampson, Lídia Sànchez-Riera, Ella Sanman, David C. Schwebel, James G. Scott, María Seguí‐Gómez, Saeid Shahraz, Donald S. Shepard, Hwashin Hyun Shin, Rupak Shivakoti, Donald H. Silberberg, David Singh, Gitanjali M Singh, Jasvinder A. Singh, Jessica Singleton, David A. Sleet, Karen Sliwa, Emma Smith, Jennifer L. Smith, Nicolas JC Stapelberg, Andrew C. Steer, Timothy J. Steiner, Wilma A. Stolk, Lars Jacob Stovner, Christopher R. Sudfeld, Sana Syed, Giorgio Tamburlini, Mohammad Tavakkoli, Hugh R. Taylor, Jennifer Taylor, William J. Taylor, Bernadette Thomas, W. Murray Thomson, George D. Thurston, Marcello Tonelli, Jeffrey A Towbin, Thomas Truelsen, Miltiadis K. Tsilimbaris, Clotilde Ubeda, Eduardo A. Undurraga, Marieke J van der Werf, Jim van Os, Monica S. Vavilala, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Mengru Wang, Wenzhi Wang, Kerrianne Watt, D. J. Weatherall, Martin A. Weinstock, Robert Weintraub, Marc G. Weisskopf, Myrna M. Weissman, Richard White, Harvey Whiteford, Steven Wiersma, James D. Wilkinson, Hywel C Williams, Sean RM Williams, Emma Witt, Frederick Wolfe, Anthony D. Woolf, Sarah Wulf, Pon-Hsiu Yeh, Anita K. M. Zaidi, Zhi-Jie Zheng, David Zonies, Alan D López, Christopher J L Murray
Bibliographic record
VenueThe Lancet · 2012
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicFrailty in Older Adults
Canadian institutionsAlberta Kidney Disease NetworkHealth CanadaUniversity of British ColumbiaCentre for Addiction and Mental HealthUniversity of AlbertaUniversity of Calgary
FundersNational Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin DiseasesNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Heart, Lung, and Blood InstituteNational Institute on AgingNational Health and Medical Research CouncilMedical Research CouncilAllerganLomonosov Moscow State UniversitySchool of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape TownNational Cancer InstituteFoundation for Alcohol Research and EducationUniversity of Cape TownVetenskapsrådetNational Institutes of HealthAnglia Ruskin UniversityTehran University of Medical Sciences and Health ServicesNational Drug and Alcohol Research CentreShireBupa FoundationDepartment of Health, State Government of VictoriaVanderbilt UniversityPan American Health OrganizationCenters for Disease Control and PreventionFlinders UniversityUniversity of MelbourneAuckland University of Technology, New ZealandTasmanian Community FundInstitute for Health Metrics and EvaluationH. Lundbeck A/SMonash UniversitySociedad Española de ReumatologíaConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoImperial College LondonUniversity of TasmaniaUniversity of LeicesterNational Institute of Environmental Health SciencesPepsiCoArthritis Foundation of AustraliaBrien Holden Vision InstituteNational Institute for Health and Care ResearchAustralian GovernmentUniversity of SydneyWorld Health OrganizationWellcome TrustCilagRobert Wood Johnson FoundationRegeneron PharmaceuticalsWorld Heart FederationUniversity of OtagoHealth Research Council of New ZealandUniversity of New South WalesU.S. Department of Veterans AffairsEuropean Chemical Industry CouncilUniversidad de NavarraBill and Melinda Gates FoundationSabin Vaccine InstituteSouth African Medical Research Council
KeywordsMedicinePopulationEpidemiologyDemographyPopulation healthComorbidityDisease burdenPublic healthIncidence (geometry)Global healthGerontologyEnvironmental healthPsychiatry
Abstract
No abstract in any covered source. Its absence is recorded, not treated as a negative.
No abstract. This is not a gap in this database; OpenAlex has none either. 23.3% of the frame is in this state, and the screen finds HALF as much metaresearch here, so the absence is a measured bias rather than a missing field.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.003
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.006
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Meta-analysis · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.088
Threshold uncertainty score0.175
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.012 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.041
GPT teacher head0.324
Teacher spread0.283 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designMeta-analysis
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations8,388
Published2012
Admission routes1
Has abstractno