Russia's Bitter Path to Modernity: A History of the Soviet and Post-Soviet Eras
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Alexander Chubarov. Russia's Bitter Path to Modernity: A History of Soviet and Post-Soviet Eras. New York: Continuum, 2001. x, 318 pp. Notes. Selected Bibliography of English-Language Sources. Selected Bibliography of Russian-Language Sources. Index. $29.95, cloth. This book is in some ways a sequel to author's A Fragile Empire: A HistorY of Imperial Russia. In present work, Alexander Chubarov (a Senior Lecturer at Coventry University) is primarily concerned with modernization and goes so far as to say that the true essence of Soviet period of Russian history was modernization in broad sense of word, including industrialization, urbanization, and secularization of popular mentality (9). book is divided into three parts, titled The Background, The Socialist Experiment (from 1917 to 1985), and From Reform Socialism to Deformed Capitalism ( 1985 to mid 2001). last part makes up more than one third of book and is especially valuable. Although much of material here will be familiar to scholars, some sections such as Marxism versus Human Nature (45-49) and The 'Survival' Economy (214-218) offer less common perspectives. This work is a broadly conceived scholarly work. It is a history of policies and institutions, coupled with an extended analysis, rather than a history of Russian people. It is well organized, clearly written, and at times insightful, but there are no pictures or maps and little treatment of personalities. Along way, Chubarov devotes major attention to political and economic issues, including among his twenty-one chapters ones on political culture, Soviet ideology, Soviet political system, and Soviet nationalities. Besides endnotes and a useful index, there are twenty-five pages of bibliographic entries, both in English and Russian, and Chubarov seems equally familiar with valuable works in both languages. This reviewer found only a few minor factual or spelling errors. book's cover states that Chubarov aims to other... 'a balanced view, abstaining from narrow, ideologically biased assessments,' and to understand triumphs (yes) and failures of Russia's Soviet development `within Russia's own cultural and historical context.' Such an aim can hardly be faulted, but at times Chubarov seems to go too far in normalizing Soviet behaviour. Although, for example, he does not ignore Stalin's many crimes and goes further than most contemporary Western historians in writing of Stalin's totalitarian regime and his wielding of absolute political power, some of author's statements suggest Stalinist Russia was not all that unusual. …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".