Bibliographic record
Abstract
Vertical and horizontal variations in soil profile morphology and chemistry within a sequence of buried palaeosols developed in Late Holocene beach-ridge sands at Magilligan Foreland indicate the existence of a palaeocatena. A humus podzol occurs on the crest of the beach ridge and passes through a gleyic brown calcareous alluvial soil and a typical humic alluvial gley soil to a raw en-fibrous peat soil in the inter-ridge depression. This sequence reflects different slope positions and soil water regimes. Water-table fluctuations, possibly associated with Late Holocene sea-level oscillations, have combined with pedogenic processes to produce the distinctive morphology and chemistry of the palaeocatena. All palaeosols have developed in texturally uniform sands and have been decalcified to depths of between at least 0.85 m to 1.6 m. Ferruginous concentrations, present in the lower horizons of each palaeosol, formed after the profiles were decalcified. Palaeocatena development was probably restricted to a time-span of c. 1,000 years to 1500 years. Two aeolian sand units bury the palaeocatena; the older of these has been 'welded', in part, to the palaeocatena by pedogenic processes. Percolation of water through the younger calcareous aeolian sand unit can account for the present near-neutral pH values of the palaeocatena.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.008 |
| Open science | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.008 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.993 | 0.995 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".