An investigation of voltage sags by a phasor methodology
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The occurrence of voltage anomalies in the electric delivery system can disrupt the performance of computers and the processes they control. The occurrence of single line to ground faults on the utility's primary lines (i.e., the most frequent type of utility faults) has a significant impact on the voltage magnitude and phase angle as seen by all the customers connected to the primary circuit. The type of transformer connection (e.g., wye ungrounded-delta) linking a customer to the primary circuit alters the primary voltage sags during primary circuit faults that seen at the customers service entrance. This paper presents the phase and line-to-line voltage sag basic equations for an ungrounded-delta transformer connection due to primary distribution single line phase faults. The basic equations presented provide the framework for evaluating the voltage sags for nine different transformer connections. The significant impact of grounded and ungrounded transformer connections on the magnitude and phase angle of the primary and secondary phase and line voltages are revealed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".