Generalized Coupled-Mode Approach of Metamaterial Coupled-Line Couplers: Coupling Theory, Phenomenological Explanation, and Experimental Demonstration
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A generalized coupled-mode approach of metamaterial coupled-line couplers is presented. This approach is an extension of the traditional coupled-mode theory (CMT) to the cases of arbitrary types of conventional or metamaterial couplers with lines represented by the most general composite right/left-handed (CRLH) transmission line models. The proposed approach is completely rigorous and applicable to any type of coupler, symmetric or asymmetric, conventional or metamaterial. The CRLH generalized CMT is thoroughly derived and closed-form results for both the complex propagation constants and scattering parameters are provided. Simplified formulas based on a quasi-TEM approximation (exact in the perfectly TEM limit) are derived for contra-directional couplers, which are the most common types in microwaves. The phenomenology of both symmetric CRLH-CRLH and asymmetric conventional CRLH metamaterial coupled-line couplers is completely explained from the proposed approach. The theoretical predictions and phenomenological explanations are validated by experimental demonstration, accompanied by ideal circuit simulation, for the case of a symmetric conventional coupler, a symmetric CRLH coupler, and an asymmetric conventional CRLH coupler
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".