Generalized Coupled-Mode Approach of Metamaterial Coupled-Line Couplers: Coupling Theory, Phenomenological Explanation, and Experimental Demonstration
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A generalized coupled-mode approach of metamaterial coupled-line couplers is presented. This approach is an extension of the traditional coupled-mode theory (CMT) to the cases of arbitrary types of conventional or metamaterial couplers with lines represented by the most general composite right/left-handed (CRLH) transmission line models. The proposed approach is completely rigorous and applicable to any type of coupler, symmetric or asymmetric, conventional or metamaterial. The CRLH generalized CMT is thoroughly derived and closed-form results for both the complex propagation constants and scattering parameters are provided. Simplified formulas based on a quasi-TEM approximation (exact in the perfectly TEM limit) are derived for contra-directional couplers, which are the most common types in microwaves. The phenomenology of both symmetric CRLH-CRLH and asymmetric conventional CRLH metamaterial coupled-line couplers is completely explained from the proposed approach. The theoretical predictions and phenomenological explanations are validated by experimental demonstration, accompanied by ideal circuit simulation, for the case of a symmetric conventional coupler, a symmetric CRLH coupler, and an asymmetric conventional CRLH coupler
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it