Turkish Science Student Teachers' Conceptions on the States of Matter
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study aims to determine science students teachers’ conceptions on the concepts related to ‘the matter and the states of the matter’. 112 Turkish science student teachers participated at this research. A questionnaire consisting of thirteen open-ended items was designed to collect the data. The questionnaire aimed to reveal the students’ views concerning; the features of ‘solid, liquid and gas’ states and their application in everyday life, the state of matter at room temperature and in normal conditions, the particulate structure of matter, unique properties of each particle of matter, the relationship between the force of attraction between these particles and room temperature. The results were analyzed mainly qualitatively, but also quantitatively. As an outcome of the analysis, fourteen misconceptions were determined. These misconceptions can be categorized as ‘mentioning of the state of matter without specifying the temperature and the pressure’, ‘not comprehending that liquids evaporate at any temperature’, ‘not understanding the features of the particulate structures of solid, liquid and gas substances (volume and the number of the particles)’.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".