P4-S3.10 A<i>Trichomonas vaginalis</i>human vaccine candidate: Freund's adjuvant vs aluminium hydroxide adjuvant in a BALB/c mouse vaginal infection model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background Trichomonas vaginalisis an underreported STD known to increase HIV transmission. Development of a vaccine againstT vaginaliscould greatly affect transmission ofT vaginalisand HIV as well as reducing their global prevalence. Herein, we aim to investigate the feasibility of developing aT vaginalisvaccine using the human-safe adjuvant Alhydrogel compared against an already established Freund's adjuvanted vaccine in a BALB/c vaginal infection mouse model. Methods A prime-boost vaccination schedule was employed with live, whole cellT vaginalis(1×107 Tv/ml) is injected in 2–200 ul aliquots 4 weeks apart and prior to vaginal infection challenge. Either Freund's, 0.5 mg Al/ml Alyhydrogel, or 0.75 mg Al/ml Alhydrogel were applied as adjuvants. Additionally, 0.75 mg Al/ml Alhydrogel sham and non-vaccinated groups serve as controls. The BALB/c vaginal environment was modified to mimic humans by adjustment of vaginal flora and estrogenisation prior to vaginal infection. The total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a levels in serum were tested 3 weeks post each vaccine injection, then 2 and 4 weeks post-vaginal infection by ELISA. Groups were compared using Tukey's MCT (Post-Hoc one-way ANOVA; α<0.05). Results Alhydrogel adjuvanted groups showed comparable total IgG and IgG1 levels to Freund's adjuvanted group. These levels for all adjuvanted groups were significantly different from control groups at all time points following boost-vaccination. IgG2a levels were not as consistent with large SD seen within Freund's adjuvanted mice. Alhydrogel adjuvanted groups were not significantly different from control groups at any time point for IgG2a levels suggesting no induction of IgG2. Controls and sham vaccines showed no Ig response. Conclusions Our data suggest that in line with expected Th2 skewed response from Alhydrogel adjuvant and Th1 skewed response from Freund's adjuvant there was a difference in IgG2a antibody production. Additionally, the Alhydrogel adjuvanted vaccines are otherwise similar to Freund's adjuvant in terms of total IgG and IgG1 levels suggesting the feasibility to pursue Alhydrogel as a vaccine candidate. Alhydrogel induces a significantly elevated immune response compared to natural infection antibody production (non-vaccinated control) and does not induce a nonspecific immune response.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".