Identification of a sex pheromone component for <i>Pennisetia marginata</i> (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Raspberry crown borer, Pennisetia marginata (Harris) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), is a native North American species and pest of many cane fruits. Using coupled gas chromatographic–electroantennographic detection analyses (GC-EAD) we identified candidate sex pheromone components in pheromone gland extracts and effluvia from calling females. Analysis of gland extracts on a Zebron-5 column revealed four components (A, B, C, and D) that elicited strong responses from male antennae. The two most EAD-active components A and B were hypothesised to be (3 E ,13 Z )-octadecadienal [(3 E ,13 Z )-18:Ald] and (3 E ,13 Z )-octadecadienol [(3 E ,13 Z )-18:OH], respectively. Their retention times on other GC columns matched those of authentic standards, thus supporting structural assignments. Synthetic (3 E ,13 Z )-18:Ald, and its GC rearrangement product (2 E ,13 Z )-octadecadienal [(2 E ,13 Z )-18:Ald; component C], also induced antennal responses in GC-EAD analyses of female effluvia. Compounds D in pheromone gland extract, and E and F in female effluvia, elicited EAD responses but could not be identified. In field trapping experiments, (3 E ,13 Z )-18:Ald was the only component that attracted male P . marginata when tested alone. Attractiveness of (3 E ,13 Z )-18:Ald was reduced when combined in binary or ternary blends with any of the other identified components, suggesting one or all may act as pheromone antagonists. In Aldergrove, British Columbia, Canada, peak diel attraction of male P . marginata to (3 E ,13 Z )-18:Ald occurred between 16:00 and 18:00 hours Pacific Daylight Time, at temperatures of 21–23°C, on 30 August 2010, 3 September 2010, and 13 September 2010. We conclude that (3 E ,13 Z )-18:Ald is the major pheromone component of P . marginata .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".