Molecular Detection and Seroepidemiology of the <i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i> Bacteriophage (ΦCpn1)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recent whole-genome analysis has demonstrated limited genetic variation in Chlamydia pneumoniae, with one strain (AR39) containing a 4,524 nucleotide single-stranded DNA bacteriophage, PhiCpn1. Using PCR, reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, and Western blotting, we confirmed the presence and functional expression of PhiCpn1 in C. pneumoniae strain AR39 and its absence in strain CWL029. Six additional epidemiologically distinct clinical isolates of C. pneumoniae also did not contain PhiCpn1. We generated recombinant viral protein 1 (Vp1) from PhiCpn1 in Escherichia coli and showed that Vp1 antigen is highly immunogenic in mice and that murine antisera readily recognize native Vp1 from C. pneumoniae strain AR39 elementary bodies (EB). We developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure antibodies to recombinant Vp1 in human sera collected from 32 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and 40 controls. Among the 72 subjects, 61 had C. pneumoniae EB antibodies shown by ELISA. Antibodies to Vp1 were found in 39 of the 61 (64%) seropositive individuals and were significantly correlated with AAA (adjusted odds ratio, 13.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 175). Our studies indicate that phage-containing strains of C. pneumoniae are uncommonly found by isolation but may commonly infect individuals with vascular disease.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".