Regulation of ion transport by pH and [HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>] in isolated gills of the crab<i>Neohelice</i>(<i>Chasmagnathus</i>)<i>granulata</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Posterior isolated gills of Neohelice (Chasmagnathus) granulatus were symmetrically perfused with hemolymph-like saline of varying [HCO3-] and pH. Elevating [HCO3-] in the saline from 2.5 to 12.5 mmol/l (pH 7.75 in both cases) induced a significant increase in the transepithelial potential difference (Vte), a measure of ion transport. The elevation in [HCO3-] also induced a switch from acid secretion (-43.7 +/- 22.5 microequiv.kg(-1).h(-1)) in controls to base secretion (84.7 +/- 14.4 microequiv.kg(-1).h(-1)). The HCO3(-)-induced Vte increase was inhibited by basolateral acetazolamide (200 micromol/l), amiloride (1 mmol/l), and ouabain (5 mmol/l) but not by bafilomycin (100 nmol/l). The Vte response to HCO3(-) did not take place in Cl(-)-free conditions; however, it was unaffected by apical SITS (2 mmol/l) or DIDS (1 mmol/l). A decrease in pH from 7.75 to 7.45 pH units in the perfusate also induced a significant increase in Vte, which was matched by a net increase in acid secretion of 67.8 +/- 18.4 microequiv kg(-1) h(-1). This stimulation was sensitive to basolateral acetazolamide, bafilomycin, DIDS, and Na+-free conditions, but it still took place in Cl(-)-free saline. Therefore, the cellular response to low pH is different from the HCO3(-)-stimulated response. We also report V-H+-ATPase- and Na+-K+-ATPase-like immunoreactivity in gill sections for the first time in this crab. Our results suggest that carbonic anhydrase (CA), basolateral Na+/H+ exchangers and Na+-K+-ATPase and apical anion exchangers participate in the HCO3(-)-stimulated response, while CA, apical V-H+-ATPase and basolateral HCO3(-)-dependent cotransporters mediate the response to low pH.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".