Positive Charges of Polyamines Protect PSII in Isolated Thylakoid Membranes During Photoinhibitory Conditions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effects of the positive charges of amines such as spermine (SPM), putrescine (PUT) and methylamine (MET) on the protection of PSII against excessive illumination were investigated in isolated thylakoid membranes. Under photoinhibition conditions, water oxidation, the kinetics of the Chl fluorescence rise and charge recombination in PSII were affected. A low concentration of SPM (1 mM) added before photoinhibition produced a significant improvement of F(v)/F(0), the oxygen yield and the amplitude of the B-band of thermoluminescence compared with the other amines. Amongst the amines studied, only SPM could protect the photosynthetic apparatus under photoinhibition conditions. This protection was probably provided by the polycationic nature of SPM (four positive charges at physiological pH), which can stabilize surface-exposed proteins of PSII through electrostatic interaction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".