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Search for gravitational waves from binary black hole inspirals in LIGO data
B. Abbott, R. Abbott, R. X. Adhikari, A. Ageev, J. Agresti, P. Ajith, B. Allen, J. Allen, R. Amin, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, M. Araya, H. Armandula, M. C. B. Ashley, F. Asiri, P. Aufmuth, C. Aulbert, Рамачандран Баласубраманиан, S. Ballmer, B. C. Barish, C. Barker, D. Barker, M. Barnes, B. Barr, M. A. Barton, K. Bayer, Raymond G. Beausoleil, Krzysztof Belczyński, R. Bennett, S. J. Berukoff, J. Betzwieser, B. Bhawal, I. A. Bilenko, G. Billingsley, E. Black, K. Blackburn, Lindy Blackburn, B. Bland, B. Bochner, L. Bogue, R. Bork, S. Bose, P. R. Brady, V. B. Braginsky, J. E. Brau, D. Brown, A. Bullington, A. Bunkowski, A. Buonanno, R. Burgess, D. Busby, William E. Butler, Robert L. Byer, L. Cadonati, G. Cagnoli, J. B. Camp, J. K. Cannizzo, K. C. Cannon, C. A. Cantley, Jianshu Cao, L. Cardenas, K. Carter, M. M. Casey, J. Castiglione, A. Chandler, J. Chapsky, P. Charlton, S. Chatterji, S. Chelkowski, Y. Chen, V. Chickarmane, A. Taracchini, N. Christensen, D. Churches, Thomas Cokelaer, C. N. Colacino, R. L. Coldwell, M. Coles, D. Cook, T. R. Corbitt, D. Coyne, J. D. E. Creighton, D. R. M. Crooks, P. Csatorday, B. J. Cusack, Curt Cutler, James Dalrymple, E. D’Ambrosio, K. Danzmann, G. S. Davies, E. J. Daw, D. DeBra, T. Delker, V. Dergachev, S. Desai, R. DeSalvo, S. Dhurandhar, A. Di Credico, M. Díaz, H. Ding, R. W. P. Drever, R. J. Dupuis, Jeffrey A. Edlund, P. Ehrens, E. J. Elliffe, T. Etzel, M. Evans, T. M. Evans, S. Fairhurst, Carsten Fallnich, D. Farnham, M. M. Fejer, T. Findley, M. Fine, L. S. Finn, K. Y. Franzen, A. Freise, R. Frey, P. Fritschel, V. V. Frolov, M. Fyffe, K. S. Ganezer, J. A. Garofoli, J. A. Giaime, A. Gillespie, Keisuke Goda, L. M. Goggin, G. González, S. Goßler, P. Grandclément, A. Grant, C. Gray, A. M. Gretarsson, D. Grimmett, H. Grote, S. Grünewald, M. Guenther, E. K. Gustafson, R. Gustafson, W. O. Hamilton, M. Hammond, Chad Hanna, J. Hanson, C. Hardham, J. Harms, I. W. Harry, A. Hartunian, J. Heefner, Y. Hefetz, Gerhard Heinzel, I. S. Heng, M. Hennessy, N. Hepler, A. Heptonstall, M. Heurs, M. Hewitson, S. Hild, Neil Hindman, P. Hoang, J. Hough, M. Hrynevych, W. Hua, Masahiro Ito, Y. Itoh, A. Ivanov, O. Jennrich, Ben A. Johnson, W. W. Johnson, W. R. Johnston, D. I. Jones, Gareth Jones, Lynne Jones, Dieter Jungwirth, V. Kalogera, E. Katsavounidis, K. Kawabe, Seiji Kawamura, W. Kells, Jonathan Kern, A. Khan, S. Killbourn, C. J. Killow, C. Kim, C. King, P. J. King, S. Klimenko, S. Koranda, K. Kötter, J. Kovalik, D. B. Kozak, B. Krishnan, M. Landry, John Langdale, B. Lantz, R. Lawrence, A. Lazzarini, Mingxing Lei, I. Leonor, Kenneth G. Libbrecht, A. Libson, P. E. Lindquist, S. Liu, J. Logan, M. Lormand, M. Lubinski, H. Lück, M. Luna, T. T. Lyons, B. Machenschalk, M. MacInnis, M. Mageswaran, K. Mailand, Walid A. Majid, M. Malec, V. Mandic, F.M. Mann, A. Marin, S. Márka, E. Maros, James Mason, K. Mason, O. Matherny, L. Matone, N. Mavalvala, R. McCarthy, D. E. McClelland, M. McHugh, J. W. C. McNabb, A. C. Melissinos, G. Mendell, R. A. Mercer, S. Meshkov, Eirini Messaritaki, C. Messenger, Е. Е. Михайлов, S. Mitra, V. P. Mitrofanov, G. Mitselmakher, R. Mittleman, O. Miyakawa, S. Miyoki, Soumya D. Mohanty, G. Moreno, K. Mossavi, G. Mueller, S. Mukherjee, P. G. Murray, E. Myers, J. Myers, S. Nagano, T. Nash, R. K. Nayak, G. Newton, F. Nocera, J. S. Noel, P. Nutzman, T. Olson, B. O’Reilly, D. J. Ottaway, Adrian C. Ottewill, D. Ouimette, H. Overmier, B. J. Owen, Y. Pan, M. A. Papa, V. Parameshwaraiah, C. Parameswariah, M. Pedraza, S. Penn, M. Pitkin, M. V. Plissi, R. Prix, V. Quetschke, F. J. Raab, H. Radkins, R. Rahkola, M. Rakhmanov, Shanti Rao, K. Rawlins, S. Ray‐Majumder, V. Re, D. Redding, M. W. Regehr, T. Regimbau, S. Reid, K. T. Reilly, K. Reithmaier, D. H. Reitze, S. Richman, R. Riesen, K. Riles, B. Rivera, Anthony Rizzi, D. I. Robertson, N. A. Robertson, C. Robinson, L. Robison, S. Roddy, A. Rodriguez, J. G. Rollins, R. Romano, Haisheng Rong, D. Rose, E. Rotthoff, S. Rowan, A. Rüdiger, Laurent Ruet, P. Russell, K. Ryan, I. Salzman, V. Sandberg, G. H. Sanders, V. Sannibale, P. Sarin, B. S. Sathyaprakash, P. R. Saulson, R. L. Savage, A. Sazonov, R. Schilling, Kevin C. Schlaufman, V. Schmidt, R. Schnabel, R. M. S. Schofield, B. F. Schutz, P. Schwinberg, S. M. Scott, Shawn Seader, A. C. Searle, B. Sears, S. Seel, Frank Seifert, D. Sellers, A. S. Sengupta, Charles Shapiro, P. Shawhan, D. H. Shoemaker, Q. Z. Shu, A. Sibley, X. Siemens, L. Sievers, D. Sigg, A. M. Sintes, J. R. Smith, M. Smith, P. Sneddon, Robert Spero, O. Spjeld, G. Stapfer, D. Steussy, K. A. Strain, D. Strom, A. L. Stuver, T. Z. Summerscales, M. C. Sumner, M. Sung, P. J. Sutton, Julien Sylvestre, Akiteru Takamori, D. B. Tanner, M. Tarallo, H. Tariq, Ian Taylor, R. Taylor, K. A. Thorne, K. S. Thorne, M. Tibbits, S. Tilav, Massimo Tinto, K. V. Tokmakov, C. Torres, G. Traylor, W. Tyler, D. Ugolini, C. Ungarelli, M. Vallisneri, M. van Putten, S. Vass, A. Vecchio, J. Veitch, C. Vorvick, S. P. Vyachanin, L. Wallace, H. Walther, R. L. Ward, Brent Ware, K. Watts, D. Webber, A. Weidner, U. Weiland, A. Weinstein, R. Weiss, H. Welling, L. Wen, S. Wen, K. Wette, J. T. Whelan, S. E. Whitcomb, B. F. Whiting, S. Wiley, C. Wilkinson, P. A. Willems, P. R. Williams, R. Williams, B. Willke, A. Wilson, B. J. Winjum, W. Winkler, S. Wise, A. G. Wiseman, G. Woan, D. Woods, R. Wooley, J. Worden, W. Wu, I. Yakushin, H. Yamamoto, S. Yoshida, K. D. Zaleski, M. Zanolin, I. Zawischa, L. Zhang, R. Zhu, N. Zotov, M. E. Zucker, J. Zweizig
Bibliographic record
VenuePhysical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D, Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology · 2006
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicPulsars and Gravitational Waves Research
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersAustralian Research CouncilNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaDavid and Lucile Packard FoundationLeverhulme TrustCouncil of Scientific and Industrial Research, IndiaAlfred P. Sloan FoundationJohn Simon Guggenheim Memorial FoundationNational Science Foundation
KeywordsLIGOGravitational wavePhysicsBinary numberBinary black holeBlack hole (networking)AstrophysicsAstronomical interferometerAstronomyGravitational-wave observatoryComponent (thermodynamics)InterferometryComputer scienceComputer securityQuantum mechanics
Abstract
We report on a search for gravitational waves from binary black hole inspirals in the data from the second science run of the LIGO interferometers. The search focused on binary systems with component masses between 3 and $20{M}_{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}$. Optimally oriented binaries with distances up to 1 Mpc could be detected with efficiency of at least 90%. We found no events that could be identified as gravitational waves in the 385.6 hours of data that we searched.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.004
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Simulation or modeling · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.005
Threshold uncertainty score0.007
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.037
GPT teacher head0.380
Teacher spread0.342 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designSimulation or modeling
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations104
Published2006
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes