Stereospecific prevention by 17?-estradiol of MPTP-induced dopamine depletion in mice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Neuroprotective activity of estrogens is reported in Alzheimer disease and recently has also been suggested for Parkinson disease, a disease affecting more men than women. To characterize this estrogenic activity, we studied the effects of 17beta- and 17alpha-estradiol treatment (1 microg twice daily 5 days before, during the day of four MPTP (15 mg/kg) injections, and for the following 5 days) on dopamine striatal toxicity induced by the neurotoxin MPTP in retired breeder male C57BL/6 mice. Striatal dopamine concentrations and its metabolites dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid measured by HPLC in MPTP mice that received 17beta-estradiol were comparable to control animals, whereas MPTP mice treated with saline or 17alpha-estradiol showed important decreases of dopamine and its metabolites. Striatal serotonin and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations remained unchanged after MPTP and treatments with steroids. Striatal [(3)H]GBR 12935 binding autoradiography to the dopamine transporter was as extensively decreased and correlated with dopamine depletion in MPTP mice, whereas this transporter mRNA decrease in the substantia nigra pars compacta was less pronounced. Treatment with steroids did not significantly change [(3)H]GBR 12935 binding, whereas dopamine transporter mRNA levels were not significantly different from controls. Under the present paradigm in retired breeder male mice, our results show dopaminergic and stereospecificity of estradiol to augment dopamine levels in MPTP-lesioned mice without protecting against the extensive loss of dopamine terminals and moderate cell body loss.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".