Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dengue is caused by 4 antigenically related viruses (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4). Dengue fever is endemic in most tropical and subtropical areas of the world, and in 2007 nearly 1 million cases were reported in the Americas alone. Dengue infections commonly occur among United States (US) residents returning from travel to endemic areas and are more prevalent than malaria among returning travelers from the Caribbean, South America, South Central Asia, and Southeast Asia. During 2006–2008, the highest proportion of laboratory-confirmed and probable cases with known travel histories were in persons who reported travel to the Dominican Republic (20%), Mexico (9%), and India (7%). During 2006–2008, an average of 244 confirmed and probable travel-associated dengue cases were identified annually, compared with an annual average of 33.5 cases (range, 13–77 cases) identified during 1990–2005. Most of this increase likely resulted from the 2003 addition of dengue reporting to the ArboNET surveillance system, which supplements the original Centers for Disease Control and Prevention system. However, a portion of the increase also likely resulted from substantial increases in dengue incidence throughout subtropical and tropical areas of the world, including the Americas. During 2006–2008, dengue outbreaks were reported in numerous countries, including Belize, Brazil, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guadeloupe, India, Madagascar, Martinique, Mexico, Nicaragua, Pakistan, Paraguay, the United States (Puerto Rico, US Virgin Islands), Venezuela, and multiple island nations in the South Pacific. Most US residents become infected during travel to tropical and subtropical areas outside the continental United States, although autochthonous transmission has been documented on multiple occasions since 1980 in Texas, during 2001–2002 in Hawaii, and during 2009–2010 in Florida.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.718 | 0.595 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".