Pressure Sensing Using Electrostatic Capacitance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Piezoelectric ceramic pressure sensors have been attracted great interest due to their simple and miniature structure compared with conventional sensors such as strain gauge sensor. A new type of static pressure sensor by using a change of permittivity upon applied mechanical pressure has been studied in this work. BaTiO3 ceramics with/without a small amount of Mn were used as sensing materials and the effect of poling treatment on their sensor performance was investigated. An anti-ferroelectric material, NaNbO3, was also examined. All materials could detect the change of pressure through the frequency shift of CR oscillator. Change of permittivity of non-doped BaTiO3 and Mn doped BaTiO3 without poling treatment were larger than that of PZT used as a reference, that is, BaTiO3 ceramics had higher-pressure sensitivity. BaTiO3 and relative materials, however, needed transit time to reach the steady state, while NaNbO3 was independent to the time. Conclusively, it seems that BaTiO3 and relative materials without poling treatment and the anti-ferroelectric material, NaNbO3, become possible candidates as a pressure sensor using permittivity change.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".