Establishment and Early Yield Development of Five Possible Alternatives to Trifolium repens as a Grassland Legume
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The performance of Trifolium repens as the main grassland legume in temperate climates may decrease under climate change due to more frequent water shortages. This calls for alternative legumes with agronomic potential. We examined germination rates, establishment, winter tolerance and yield potential of Medicago lupulina, Medicago falcata, Lotus corniculatus, Lotus uliginosus and Onobrychis viciifolia both in monoculture and in mixture with Lolium perenne in a two-year container experiment. Germination and establishment of all alternative legumes were comparable to T. repens except of M. falcata with a retarded initial development. L. uliginosus was the only species with an insufficient winter tolerance. In pure stands M. lupulina and L. corniculatus showed a yield potential almost as high as of T. repens. However, their performance in mixture with L. perenne was lower than T. repens. This has to be considered with the choice of less competitive grass partner species when designing seed mixtures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".