Effects of adenosine monophosphate‐activated kinase activators on bovine oocyte nuclear maturation in vitro
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an activator of AMPK (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR)) on bovine oocyte nuclear maturation in vitro. After 7 hr of culture, AICAR (1 mM) significantly increased the percentages of cumulus-enclosed oocytes (CEO) and denuded oocytes (DO) remaining at the germinal vesicle stage. After 22 hr of culture, AICAR significantly reduced the percentage of CEO reaching metaphase II (MII). AICAR at 1.0 mM also increased the inhibitory effect of the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin in CEO; however, at 0.05 mM, AICAR increased the percentage of oocytes at MII after 22 hr of culture compared to forskolin alone. The adenosine kinase inhibitor 5'-aminodeoxyadenosine reversed the effect of AICAR in CEO and DO showing that phosphorylation of AICAR by adenosine kinase is required for its inhibitory activity. GMP, but not AMP, inhibited meiosis in CEO and DO; however, inhibition of guanyl and adenyl nucleotides synthesis did not reverse the effect of AICAR suggesting that the inhibitory effect of AICAR is not due to increased synthesis of these nucleotides. Metformin, another activator of AMPK, also inhibited GVBD in CEO and DO. The alpha-1 isoform of the catalytic subunit of AMPK was detected in oocytes and cumulus cells, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction experiments showed the presence of transcripts for alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1, and gamma-3 isoforms of the regulatory subunits in cumulus cells and oocytes. These data show that the AMPK activator AICAR is inhibitory to nuclear maturation in bovine oocytes due to activation of AMPK.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it