Role of Genetic Factors in Vascular Access Thrombosis in Hemodialysis Patients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Vascular access thrombosis is a frequent complication in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Genetic mutations, inflammation, and changes in the vascular wall are some factors that are thought to increase thrombosis risk. In this study, we tested for possible relationships between vascular thrombosis and some known thrombophilic mutation/polymorphisms in coagulation factors [factor V Leiden (FVL), prothrombin (Pt) G20210A, methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR C677T), factor XIII (F‐XIII) Val34Leu, alpha‐fibrinogen (AF) Thr312Ala, factor VII (F‐VII) R353Q] and angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) gene in our HD patients. Patients who had experienced at least 3 episodes of AVF thrombosis composed of the study group, and patients who had never encountered this complication composed of the control group. None of the patients in either group had a history of diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, dialysis‐related amyloidosis, or vasculitis. In order to find the frequency of F‐XIII Val34Leu, AF Thr312Ala, and F‐VII R353Q polymorphisms in our population, we also searched persons without renal disease or history of thrombosis (normal group). Results are summarized in Table. There was a tendency toward thrombotic mutation/polymorphisms in the study group for FVL, Pt G20210A, ACE I/D, and AF Thr312Ala. We suggest that patients who develop recurrent AVF thrombosis should be screened for the above‐mentioned factors and investigated for other possible risk factors. This screening would allow more effective focus on prophylaxis. Genetic mutation/ polymorphism Study group Normal group Control group FVL/heterozygous 13 (n = 46) 7 (n = 81) 24.5 (n = 44) Pt G20210A/ heterozygous 8.7 (n = 46) 2.7 (n = 182) 20 (n = 44) MTHFR C677T/ heterozygous 0 (n = 44) 28.8 (n = 66) 22.3 (n = 44) ACE I/DD/D 44.5 (n = 44) 28.8 (n = 138) 26.2 (n = 29) I/D 36.3 (n = 44) 47.2 (n = 138) 23.1 (n = 29) I/I 18.2 (n = 44) 15.4 (n = 138) 27 (n = 29) F‐XIII/ Val34LeuVal/Val 44.8 (n = 29) 71.5 (n = 112) 52 (n = 25) Val/Leu 51.8 (n = 29) 27.6 (n = 112) 48 (n = 25) Leu/Leu 3.4 (n = 29) 0.9 (n = 112) 0 (n = 25) AF Thr312AlaAla/Thr 83 (n = 24) 58 (n = 119) 83.3 (n = 30) Thr/Thr 12.5 (n = 24) 32.6 (n = 119) 10 (n = 30) Ala/Ala 4.5 (n = 24) 8.4 (n = 119) 6.7 (n = 30) F‐VII R353QR/R 39 (n = 18) 74.5 (n = 98) 31.8 (n = 22) R/Q 34 (n = 18) 23.5 (n = 98) 68.2 (n = 22) Q/Q 27 (n = 18) 2 (n = 98) 0 (n = 22) Values are percentages and numbers in parenthesis represent the number of patients/persons studied.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".