Molecular Characterization of Feline COX-2 and Expression in Feline Mammary Carcinomas
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, plays an important role in inflammation and tumorigenesis. COX-2 primary structure has been characterized in many species and its expression demonstrated in a variety of cancers in humans and dogs, including mammary cancer. In contrast, there is currently little information on the structure of feline COX-2. Also, information on COX-2 expression in feline mammary cancer is limited and conflicting. The objectives of this study were therefore to characterize the molecular structure of feline COX-2 and to evaluate by immunohistochemistry its expression in mammary carcinomas. Our results show that the predicted coding region of feline COX-2 encodes a 604-amino acid protein, which is identical in length to several COX-2 homologs. Feline COX-2 amino acid sequence is highly similar to other mammalian COX-2 homologs. Immunohistochemical analysis of 40 mammary carcinomas showed that the majority of tumors studied (35/40; 87%) expressed COX-2 at a level varying from low (20/40; 50%) to intermediate (13/40; 32%) and high (2/40; 5%). These results provide the first molecular characterization of feline COX-2 and demonstrate that COX-2 is expressed in the majority of feline mammary carcinomas.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".