Assessing the effect of estimation error on risk-adjusted CUSUM chart performance
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Risk-adjusted control charts have become popular for monitoring processes that involve the management and treatment of patients in hospitals or other healthcare institutions. However, to date, the effect of estimation error on risk-adjusted control charts has not been studied. METHODS: We studied the effect of estimation error on risk-adjusted binary cumulative sum (CUSUM) performance using actual and simulated data on patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery and assessed for mortality up to 30 days post-surgery. The effect of estimation error was indicated by the variability of the 'true' average run lengths (ARLs) obtained using repeated sampling of the observed data under various realistic scenarios. RESULTS: Results showed that estimation error can have a substantial effect on risk-adjusted CUSUM chart performance in terms of variation of true ARLs. Moreover, the performance was highly dependent on the number of events used to derive the control chart parameters and the specified ARL for an in-control process (ARL(0)). However, the results suggest that it is the uncertainty in the overall adverse event rate that is the main component of estimation error. CONCLUSIONS: When designing a control chart, the effect of estimation error could be taken into account by generating a number of bootstrap samples of the available Phase I data and then determining the control limit needed to obtain an ARL(0) of a pre-specified level 95% of the time. If limited Phase I data are available, it may be advisable to continue to update model parameters even after prospective patient monitoring is implemented.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.014 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it