It's time to wake up!: sleep apnea and cardiac arrhythmias
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome is a common breathing disorder, affecting ∼5% of North American adults, the prevalence in men being almost twice that of women.1 The diagnosis is suspected by history and often body habitus, but requires confirmation with a formal sleep study. Polysomnography is the gold-standard study for the diagnosis of OSA. It determines the severity of OSA by measuring the apnea-hypopnoea index (AHI), which is the number of apnoeic and hypopnoeic episodes that occur during 1 h. The condition is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, somnolence, neurocognitive dysfunction, mood disorders, and an increased risk of motor vehicle accidents; despite this, it is usually under-diagnosed (20–30% depending on clinical scenario).2–8 Researchers have demonstrated an increased incidence of cardiac arrhythmias among patients with OSA.9 Interestingly, however, there has been no systematic effort to identify the prevalence of OSA among patients with cardiac arrhythmias. Early reports described an increased association between OSA and bradyarrhythmias.10 This led to an intense focus on the role of pacemakers as …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.016 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".