An Initial Investigation of Parenting Stress, Social-Emotional Protective Factors, and Behavior Concerns within a Head Start Population
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study examines associations between parenting stress, protective factors, and behavior concerns in an at-risk preschool population. Participants included 77 parents of children enrolled in Head Start programs in the Midwest, which served predominantly low-income, diverse parent and child populations. Parents completed a parenting stress questionnaire and a questionnaire that assessed for children’s protective factors and behavior concerns. Associations were found between elevated protective factors and low parenting stress, as well as between elevated behavior concerns and elevated parenting stress. Parents of children exhibiting more protective factors had significantly less parenting stress, compared to parents of children exhibiting more behavior concerns. Additionally, parents with non-clinical levels of parenting stress had children that exhibited significantly more protective factors and less behavior concerns compared to children of parents with clinically significant levels of parenting stress. This is the first study to demonstrate that low levels of parenting stress are associated with more protective factors in an at-risk preschool population. Future research needs to explore the predictive nature parenting stress and protective factors have on one another, given the bi-directionality of parent-child interactions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".