Up-regulation of integrin expression in lung adenocarcinoma cells caused by bacterial infection: in vitro study
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Integrins are a large family of adhesion receptors that are known to be key signaling molecules in both physiological and pathological processes. Previous studies have demonstrated that the expression of integrin receptors in the pulmonary epithelium can change under various pathological conditions, such as injury, inflammation, or malignant transformation. We hypothesize that integrin expression can be altered by stimulation of lung epithelial cells with an opportunistic bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Using the A549 adenocarcinoma cell line that expressed a low level of several integrin subunits we have demonstrated that P. aeruginosa infection in vitro caused a rapid up-regulation of alpha5, alphav, beta1, and beta4 integrins at both the mRNA and protein level. Neither heat-killed P. aeruginosa strain PAK nor its live isogenic mutants lacking pili or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) core oligosaccharide showed any effect on integrin expression in A549 cells as compared to the use of the wild-type PAK strain. These results establish that up-regulation of integrin expression is dependent on the internalization of live bacteria possessing intact pili and LPS. Gene silencing of integrin-linked kinase in A549 cells caused a significant decrease in the release of proinflammatory cytokines in response to P. aeruginosa stimulation. Although further studies are warranted towards understanding the precise role of integrin receptors in prominent inflammation caused by P. aeruginosa, our findings suggest a possibility of using specific integrin inhibitors for therapy of pulmonary inflammatory conditions caused by pathogenic micro-organisms.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it