Atypical and typical zinc geochemistry in a carbonate setting, Sa Dena Hes Mine, Yukon Territory, Canada
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Sä Dena Hes Mine produced Pb and Zn concentrates from a polymetallic Manto deposit in 1991 and 1992. Ownership of the mine was assumed by Sä Dena Hes Operating Corporation (Teck Cominco Ltd and Pan-Pacific Metal Mining Corporation) in 1994. Sphalerite and galena ore bodies with negligible Fe sulphide were processed by conventional flotation methods resulting in carbonate-rich tailings. This paper presents evaluations of atypical and typical Zn geochemistry under non-acidic conditions using laboratory testing, mineralogy and simple modelling. Atypical behaviour is shown by drainage containing 40 mg/l Zn from a short adit. The Zn load contained in the mine drainage is not apparent in a spring-fed stream a few hundred metres down-gradient. Results of an attenuation test to mimic field conditions showed that Zn was removed to concentrations of less than 0.001 mg/l. Spherical aggregates containing 40% Zn were found in the column residues using scanning electron microscopy. The aggregates are likely a Zn hydroxide or basic carbonate based on the Zn concentration, though the exact mineralogical form was not determined. Similarly, elevated Zn concentrations (up to 56 mg/l) have been found in pH-neutral porewaters near the water table in the tailings deposit. Zinc concentrations generally decrease to below 1 mg/l just below the water table and below 0.1 mg/l in seepage from the tailings dam. However in this case, simple dilution modelling and thermodynamic equilibrium modelling of the tailings porewater chemistry showed that the decrease in Zn concentrations could be attributed to the formation of Zn carbonate. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of smithsonite (ZnCO 3 ) in the tailings; in addition Zn also occurred as a trace element in Mg–Mn–Ca carbonate phases.
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Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it