Design of a high-voltage analog front-end circuit for integration with CMUT arrays
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Capacitive Micro-machined Ultrasound Transducer (CMUT) technology is becoming popular in ultrasound imaging due to its many advantages as compared to its piezoelectric counterpart. These advantages include ease of fabrication and integration with CMOS readout circuitry. This paper presents the design of a high voltage (HV) transmitting driver and a low-power variable-gain receiving amplifier which are intended for integration with CMUT arrays. Also, by Verilog-AMS behavioral modeling of the CMUTs, their loading effect is modeled more realistically. The circuit is designed in a 0.8-μm HV CMOS technology. The transmitter is capable of generating pulses of up to 300 V. The gain of the receiving amplifier varies from 72 dB to 90 dB while its bandwidth ranges from 11 MHz to 9 MHz. The amplifier consumes 3 mW from a 5V supply and has an input resistance of 1KΩ.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".