Three-dimensional modeling and simulation of p-n junction spherical silicon solar cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A three-dimensional numerical model is presented to simulate spherical p-n junction silicon solar cells, which is a promising new technology for photovoltaic (PV) energy conversion for terrestrial applications. Material properties imposed by the sphere formation method, geometry of the device, and the specific device structure stemming from the fabrication technology are taken into account in the optical and electrical models of the device. The spherical device is numerically simulated based on these models using finite-difference method in a spherical system of coordinates, generating the internal quantum efficiency and current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the device. It has been shown that the efficiency of a spherical solar cell is slightly lower than a conventional device; however, the slightly inferior performance does not outweigh the cost advantage. It has been also found that subsurface diffusion length from effective impurity segregation and the depth of the denuded zone in spherical devices are parameters that mainly affect the device efficiency. Based on the simulation and analysis, design guidelines have been presented for spherical PV devices.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".