Medial temporal lobe atrophy in Alzheimer's disease/mild cognitive impairment with depression
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Depression is common in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Patients with depression have an earlier onset and rapid progression of cognitive decline. Medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) is common in AD and MCI, and some degree of atrophy is found in almost all patients. In the present study, an attempt was made to know if MTA is more common in patients with AD/MCI with depression than those without it. METHODS: Patients reporting to the outpatient department of a neurology centre of a tertiary care hospital were recruited for the present study. After initial general physical and neurological examination, they were evaluated using National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and Related Disorders Association criteria for diagnosis of AD. Clinical Dementia rating scale was used for the diagnosis of MCI. Cornell scale for depression in dementia (CSDD) was used. RESULTS: We found 20 cases with depression as per CSDD out of a sample of 37 patients (male:female = 30:7). There were 26 patients with AD and 11 with MCI. The mean age of all patients was 72.33 ± 6.45 years. The mean mini mental status examination score was 19.00 ± 6.73. The mean time since diagnosis was 4.19 ± 3.26 years. The mean Scheltens visual rating scale score for right MTA was 2.08 ± 0.95 and was 2.05 ± 0.94 for the left. Both scores did not differ statistically when analyzed using paired t-test (p > 0.05). However, difference in those with depression (2.36 ± 0.95) from those without depression (1.60 ± 0.74) was significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: MTA scores were higher in those with AD/MCI with depression than those without it.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".