Cost variations in ambulatory and home-based palliative care
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Restructuring health care in Canada has emphasized the provision of ambulatory and home-based palliative care. Acquiring economic evidence is critical given this trend and its tremendous demands on family caregivers. The purposes of this study were: 1) to comprehensively assess the societal costs of home-based palliative care; and 2) to examine the socio-demographic and clinical factors that account for variations in costs over the course of the palliative trajectory. One hundred and thirty-six family caregivers were interviewed every two weeks from time of palliative referral until death. Information regarding appointments, travel and out-of-pocket expenses, time devoted to caregiving, as well as demographic and clinical characteristics were measured. The mean monthly cost of care per patient was $24,549 (2008 CDN$). Family caregivers' time costs comprised most costs (70%). Multivariable linear regression indicated that costs were greater for patients who: had lower physical functioning (p < 0.001); lived with someone (p = 0.007); and when the patients approached death (p = 0.021). Information highlighting the variation in costs across individuals may aid policy makers and mangers in deciding how to allocate resources. Greater clarity regarding costs over the course of the palliative trajectory may improve access to care.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".