Malignant transformation of cervical ostochondroma in patient with hereditary multiple exostoses (HME): Case report and review of the literature
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objectives: Hereditary multiple exosostes (HME) is a disorder characterized by the presence of multiple osteochondromas of the bone. Spinal involvement is rare, represent roughly 3% of cases and any portion of the vertebral body may be affected. Malignant transformation of the lesions is rare, but it is possible and is described in literature. Methods: W e describe an unusual case of malignant transformation of a cervical osteochondromas arising from the articular complex, in a young girl affected by HME. The patient underwent surgery with a complete removal of the lesion, without any signs of recurrence seen at the MRI serial control at 3, 6 12 e 24 months. We analyzed the literature up to 2009 by focusing on the treatment and follow up. Results: Surgical removal is indicated for symptomatic spinal osteochondormas. The suspicion of malignant transformation is indicated by the sudden growth of the lesion after puberty, the presence of pain and the worsening of the neurological symptoms. Conclusion s : In this case, radical surgery is imperative, given the close correlation with the malignant characteristics of the lesions, it is useful to have an extemporaneous histological examination. In the rare cases of malignant transformation, radical surgery is important for the prognosis and to prevent the progression of the lesions. If the complete removal is not possible, the therapy of choice is adjuvant radiotherapy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".