N-Cadherin Signaling Potentiates Mammary Tumor Metastasis via Enhanced Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Activation
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
N-cadherin is up-regulated in aggressive breast carcinomas, but its mechanism of action in vivo remains unknown. Transgenic mice coexpressing N-cadherin and polyomavirus middle T antigen (PyVmT) in the mammary epithelium displayed increased pulmonary metastasis, with no differences in tumor onset or growth relative to control PyVmT mice. PyVmT-N-cadherin tumors contained higher levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) than PyVmT controls, and phosphorylated ERK staining was further increased in pulmonary metastases. Tumor cell isolates from PyVmT-N-cadherin mice exhibited enhanced ERK activation, motility, invasion, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression relative to PyVmT controls. MAPK/ERK kinase 1 inhibition in PyVmT-N-cadherin cells reduced MMP-9 production and invasion but not motility. Furthermore, inactivation of fibroblast growth factor receptor in PyVmT-N-cadherin cells reduced motility, invasion, and ERK activation but had no effect on PyVmT cells. Thus, de novo expression of N-cadherin in mammary ducts enhances metastasis of breast tumors via enhanced ERK signaling.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it