Current tectonics of northern Cascadia from a decade of GPS measurements
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements to study regional deformation were initiated in northern Cascadia in the late 1980s and early 1990s. On the basis of a decade of GPS data, we derive a crustal velocity field for NW Washington‐SW British Columbia. The permanent and campaign GPS velocities are defined with respect to North America in the ITRF2000 reference frame. Velocity uncertainties are estimated using a model of time series noise spectra. This new velocity field is the basis for interpretation of the tectonics of the northern Cascadia subduction system. GPS velocities are interpreted in terms of interseismic loading of the megathrust using different coupling models. Our data confirm that the upper part of the megathrust is nearly fully locked. An exponential model for the downdip transition zone gives slightly better agreement with the data compared to the common linear transition. The landward decrease of forearc strain loading is smaller than predicted by any of the current subduction interseismic models. This could be a consequence of a small (0–3 mm/yr) long‐term motion of the southern Vancouver Island forearc, with respect to North America, or of a concentration of interseismic strain across the elastically weaker Cascadia volcanic arc. In northern Vancouver Island, our velocity field supports the existence of an independent Explorer microplate currently underthrusting underneath North America, at least up to Brooks Peninsula. Further north, GPS velocities indicate transient and/or permanent deformation of northernmost Vancouver Island related to the interaction with the Explorer microplate and possibly with the Queen Charlotte transform margin.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".