A Low-Power 75dB Digitally Programmable CMOS Variable-Gain Amplifier
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A monolithic low-power digitally programmable variable-gain amplifier (VGA) with a gain range of 75 dB is presented. The core of the design is based on a low-distortion source-degenerated differential amplifier structure. The gain is varied by changing the source-degeneration resistor as well as tuning the resistors in the common-mode feedback circuitry. The overall VGA consists of three gain stages. As a proof of concept, a 24 dB single gain stage with 2 dB gain steps is fabricated in a 0.18 mum CMOS technology. Based on the measurement results of the prototype chip, the performance of the gain stage is optimized and a three-stage 75 dB VGA is designed and simulated. The overall gain can be varied from -15 dB to 60 dB in 2.5 dB gain steps. The bandwidth of the multi-stage VGA is higher than 140 MHz and the gain error is less than 0.3 dB. The overall VGA draws 6.5 mA from a 1.8 V supply. The noise figure of the system at maximum gain is 12.5 dB, and the IIP3 at minimum gain is 14.4 dBm.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".