Pixelless 1.5-/spl mu/m up-conversion imaging device fabricated by wafer fusion
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We designed and fabricated a first-ever pixelless optical up-conversion imaging device using wafer-fusion technology. The device consists of an In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As-InP p-i-n detector and a GaAs-AlGaAs light-emitting diode (LED), which were grown on an InP and a GaAs substrate, respectively, and wafer-bonded together. The layer structures and doping profiles of the common region linking the detector and LED were designed such that lateral carrier diffusion was successfully suppressed while effective electrical connection was well preserved. Pixelless up-conversion imaging from 1.5 to 0.87 μm was demonstrated. Moreover, an internal electrical gain of over 100 was observed for the detector part of the integrated device. The internal up-conversion quantum efficiency was measured to be /spl sim/50% at room temperature.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".