Neutrophil transepithelial migration in response to the chemoattractant fMLP but not C5a is phospholipase D-dependent and related to the use of CD11b/CD18
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis patients, the numbers of neutrophils recovered from stool directly correlates with the severity of disease, implying that neutrophils in the lumen contribute to the tissue destruction; therefore, it is important to understand the mechanisms behind transintestinal epithelial migration. Neutrophil transintestinal epithelial migration to fMLP is appreciated to be CD11b/CD18 integrin (Mac-1)-dependent, while we recently reported that migration to C5a is Mac-1-independent. Here, we investigated whether phospholipase D (PLD), a signaling molecule linked to chemoattractant activation of neutrophils, is necessary for both Mac-1-dependent and Mac-1-independent migration. Both fMLP and C5a increased neutrophil expression of the Mac-1 activation epitope, indicating PLD was activated. This up-regulation was dose-dependently prevented by incubation of neutrophils in 1-butanol, an inhibitor of PLD activity. Despite this effect on Mac-1, 1-butanol did not prevent neutrophil migration across acellular filters. Incubation in 1-butanol did inhibit fMLP but not C5a-mediated migration across intestinal epithelial cell monolayers, showing that transepithelial migration to fMLP but not C5a is dependent on PLD. The addition of phosphatidic acid, a reaction product of PLD, partially restored fMLP-mediated transepithelial migration in the presence of 1-butanol but not the migration of Mac-1-deficient neutrophil-differentiated HL-60 cells. Thus PLD control over expression of the Mac-1 activation epitope is critical for neutrophil migration to fMLP but not C5a. Moreover, as PLD controls other neutrophil functions, such as the oxidative response, degranulation, and protease release, we could exclude these functions as being important in neutrophil transepithelial migration to C5a.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".