Characterization of Cardiac Brain Natriuretic Peptide Release in Patients With Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing Left Atrial Ablation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) is associated with elevated levels of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). The exact cardiac source and implications of this are currently unknown, as are the effects of left atrial ablation on cardiac BNP release. We sought to investigate BNP levels at different cardiac sites in PAF patients before and after left atrial ablation and compare these with a non-atrial fibrillation control cohort. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty PAF patients (52+/-10 years, 70% men; left ventricular ejection fraction, 55+/-3%) undergoing ablation were studied, BNP levels were measured at different cardiac sites before and after ablation and compared with a control cohort undergoing ablation for left lateral accessory pathways (10 patients, 41+/-11 years; left ventricular ejection fraction, 55+/-4%). In both cohorts, the coronary sinus BNP levels were the greatest. The PAF cohort had significantly greater BNP levels than the control cohort at all sites before and after ablation. Ablation of the left atrium was associated with a significant decrease in coronary sinus BNP levels (P=0.05) and transcardiac BNP gradient (P=0.03). This was not observed in the control cohort. CONCLUSIONS: BNP levels are elevated in PAF, with the highest levels in the coronary sinus. Ablation of the left atrium was associated with an immediate decrease of BNP levels, implicating this as the source.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".