Attenuation of High-Frequency Interannual Streamflow Variability by Watershed Glacial Cover
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We used nonparametric statistical and time-series analysis techniques to investigate the effects of watershed glacial cover upon interannual variability in a suite of hydrometric variables describing aspects of the annual hydrograph. Annual time series of eight streamflow-derived metrics were considered for each of five glacier-fed and four nival rivers in the southwestern Canadian subarctic. Our conclusions at p⩽0.05 are (1) rank-based coefficients of variation (CV) in robust measures of freshet-related flow magnitude and timing scale inversely with watershed glacierization; (2) CVs in extreme events measures do not exhibit a statistically significant relationship to degree of glacial cover; and (3) CVs in winter baseflow measures also show no glacial moderating influences. The CV results expand substantially upon previous work and are readily physically interpretable. Additionally, spectral analyses tentatively suggest that glacierization predominantly attenuates hydroclimatic variability at timescales of about 2–3 years or less.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".