Sources of Pollutants in Urban Areas (Part 2) - Recent Sheetflow Monitoring
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two research projects that examined source area sheetflows that were conducted in the 1990s are high-lighted in this chapter.These are a comprehensive project conducted in Birmingham, AL, as part of a project developing a control strategy for critical source areas, and a series of related projects conducted in Wisconsin as part of the DNR's efforts in calibrating the Source Loading and Management Model (SLAMM).A bibliography of recent source area monitoring activities by other researchers is also included in this chapter.These recent projects conducted in Alabama and Wisconsin are more comprehensive than the earlier monitoring efforts described in the previous chapter.These large projects included a wide range of land uses, source sources, and pollutants, in coordinated monitoring efforts.This information complements the data presented previously.24.1 Birmingham, Alabama, Sheetflow Monitoring Pitt, et al. (1995) studied stormwater runoff samples from a variety of source areas under different rain conditions in Birmingham, AL.All of the samples were analyzed in filtered (0.45 µm filter) and non-filtered forms to enable
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".