The TRIUMF facility and cyclotron developments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The TRIUMF cyclotron has delivered, over the past several years, simultaneous proton beams to meson users, proton users, and low energy proton users with total intensity around 200 /spl mu/A at energies between 60 and 500 MeV Since 1998 it has also been delivering routinely 500 MeV protons to ISAC with proton currents up to 40 /spl mu/A on target. Initial ISAC experiments were performed with singly charged radioactive ions at target/ion-source energies (E /spl les/ 60 keV). A cw linac consisting of a 35.4 MHz 8 m long RFQ and a 106 MHz DTL accelerator structure has recently been commissioned to energies between 0.153 and 1.53 MeV/u for ions with A<30. A superconducting accelerator to extend the energy range to 6.5 MeV/u (or higher) has been funded. A charge state booster will extend the mass range from A /spl les/ 30 to A /spl les/ 150. In order to increase the primary proton beam current for ISAC to 100 /spl mu/A as planned, and keep up with other user demands, the cyclotron current will be increased to 300 /spl mu/A within one or two years. Preferably this should be achieved without increasing the activation of the cyclotron tank caused by beam stripping losses, mainly at high energy. Challenging requirements are originating from the T1 meson users, demanding a reduction of the beam pulse duration from 4 ns to 2 ns. A 92 MHz 4th harmonic rf booster cavity located in the high energy acceleration region of the cyclotron has been demonstrated to satisfy both above requirements. A cyclotron refurbishing program, was also initiated to keep reliability at the present 90% level or better.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.062 | 0.018 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".