IDENTIFICATION AND TREATMENT OF A WASTE STREAM AT A BLEACHED-KRAFT PULP MILL THAT DEPRESSES A SEX STEROID IN THE MUMMICHOG (FUNDULUS HETEROCLITUS)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Changes to indicators of reproductive performance have been documented in fish exposed to some bleached kraft pulp mill effluents (BKPMEs). However, responses are not consistent across mill types or processes. It is not clear where the sources of the effects are within mills, what the causative compounds are, or what process changes are effective to remove these sources. Our previous studies suggested that condensates were a source of compounds that reduced plasma testosterone in the mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus). Results also suggested that reverse osmosis (RO) treatment of condensates removed this source. The objective of this study was to use a toxicity identification evaluation approach and expose mummichog to various waste streams in the laboratory to identify the effluent source that depressed plasma testosterone in the mummichog and the effects of RO treatment. In 7- and 21-d exposures, mummichog were exposed to dilutions of RO feed condensate, RO permeate, combined mill effluent (CME), and final effluent. Results confirmed that condensates depressed plasma testosterone in mummichog. Chemical characterization of the condensate indicated that plant phytosterols were likely not the responsible compounds. Results also confirmed that RO treatment removed the potential of the condensates to depress plasma testosterone in mummichog at environmentally relevant concentrations of final mill effluent (1%).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".