Bibliographic record
Abstract
In a ‘Fact Sheet’ on ‘Citizenship’, the Canadian government department charged with immigration and citizenship matters asks the question, ‘What does it mean to be a Canadian citizen?’. In its response, Citizenship and Immigration states that Canada, and thus Canadian citizenship, are de ned in terms of the following characteristics: free and democratic; multicultural; two of cial languages; and equal treatment to all its citizens. While the contributors to this special issue on ‘recon guring Canadian citizenship’ might agree with the formal accuracy of some aspects of this of cial discourse on Canada and Canadian citizenship, most would probably wish to contest, qualify, or indeed reject such terms as ‘democratic’ and ‘equal treatment’ when measured against the experience of many groups. Some would also look critically at what is at stake, which interests are represented and which identities and realities are suppressed, in the characterization of Canadian citizenship as ‘multicultural ’ and ‘bilingual’. The robust rediscovery of citizenship as an organizing frame for studies on relations among individuals , rights, states, territories, communities, and markets in Canadian and international scholarship is now as likely to focus on citizenship as inequality and exclusion, rather than citizenship as forms of equal and inclusionary membership. One irony of the dramatic reawakening of scholarly interest in citizenship over the past two decades is that much of its focus has been on the exhaustion and discrediting of nation-state forms of citizenship without a clear sense of the contours and substance of new forms of citizenship, such as post-national , global, cosmopolitan or urban, that might replace the old. The unsettling of nation-state citizenship is inextricably linked to the economic, political, technological , and cultural transformations associated with globalization that have profoundly altered relationships between state, territory and persons. The erosion of nation-state citizenship is also the product of changes that have accompanied corporate globalization , including the weakened capacities of individua l states, the decline in social rights, and the hegemony of neo-liberal governance. In his celebrated analysis, written during the expansion of social programs after the Second World War, T.H. Marshall (1992 [1950]) saw the de ning features of twentieth century citizenship as consisting of the expansion of social citizenship rights, their distribution to previously marginal-
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.031 | 0.013 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.014 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.030 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".