A Novel Mitochondrial Gene Order in the Crinoid Echinoderm Florometra serratissima
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome of the crinoid Florometra serratissima has been determined. It is a circular DNA molecule, 16,005 bp in length, containing the genes for 13 proteins, small and large ribosomal RNAs, and 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs). Three regions of unassigned sequence (UAS) greater than 73 bp have been located. The largest, UAS I, is 432 bp long and exhibits sequence similarity to the putative mitochondrial control regions seen in other animals. UAS II (77 bp) and UAS III (73 bp) are located between the 5' ends of coding sequences and may play roles as bidirectional promoters. Analyses of nucleotide composition revealed that the major peptide-encoding strand is high in T and low in C. This bias is reflected in a specific pattern of codon usage. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on cytochrome c oxidase (COI, COII, and COIII) amino acid and nucleotide sequences did not resolve all the relationships between echinoderm classes. The overall animal mitochondrial gene content has been maintained in the crinoid, but there is extensive rearrangement with respect to both the echinoid and the asteroid mtDNA gene maps. Florometra serratissima has a novel genome organization in a segment containing most of the tRNA genes, large and small rRNA genes, and the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 and 2 genes. Potential pathways and mechanisms for gene rearrangements between mitochondrial gene maps of echinoderm classes and vertebrates are discussed as indicators of early deuterostome phylogeny.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".