A new magnetic compass calibration algorithm using neural networks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The magnetic compass can provide heading direction by measuring the Earth’s magnetic field. In practical applications, there usually exists an unwanted local magnetic field that will distort the magnetometer measurements; hence a calibration procedure is essential. Current calibration methods are limited by the inaccurate magnetometer error estimation when measurements are deteriorated by magnetic disturbances or large noises. This paper proposes a new compass calibration algorithm via modelling the nonlinear relationship between the compass heading and the true heading using neural networks. When an external heading reference is available, neural networks can be trained to properly model this nonlinear input–output pattern even in the presence of magnetic disturbances, and subsequently can be applied to convert the compass heading into the correct heading. The proposed algorithm does not require declination information and magnetometer biases and scale factor estimation. The simulation and field test results have verified the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed calibration method and have also shown that the calibration performance is proportional to the quality of the training data.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".