Fe SPECIATION IN WEATHERED PYROCHLORE-GROUP MINERALS FROM THE LUESHE AND ARAXA (BARREIRO) CARBONATITES BY 57Fe MOSSBAUER SPECTROSCOPY
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The minerals of the pyrochlore group exhibit a large range of chemical composition. The general structural formula can be written as A2–mB2X6–wY1–n•pH2O. The occupancy of the eight-fold-coordinated A site can reflect the degree of alteration of the pyrochlore. In unaltered pyrochlore-group minerals, this site is completely filled by Na and Ca, whereas in the altered equiva-lents, the A site is only partly filled by cations as K, Ba, Sr and Ce. In the literature, the structural formula is systematically calculated assuming an ideal stoichiometry, i.e., a total of two six-fold-coordinated B-site cations per formula unit, dominantly Nb, with subordinate Ti and Ta in certain rock-types, e.g., carbonatites. Fe is systematically considered as Fe3+ and assigned to the B site. The present 57Fe Mössbauer study focuses on altered pyrochlore-group minerals from two Nb ore deposits in laterite: Lueshe in the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Araxá in Brazil. In contrast to the common assumption that all Fe is present as Fe3+, 47 ± 2 % of the total Fe is in the Fe2+ oxidation state in the kalipyrochlore sample from Lueshe. Spectra of both samples are consistent with the presence of all the Fe3+ at the B site, but with two different coordination spheres. Fe3+ coordinated by 6 O2 – is observed in both cases. In the Lueshe sample, it is also coordinated by 5 O2 – and 1 OH–, whereas in bariopyrochlore from Araxá, the unusually large value of the quadrupole splitting, 3 mm/s, affecting ~19 ± 2 % of the Fe3+, suggests that this Fe3+ is coordinated by only 5 O2 – owing to the presence of anion vacancies at the X site.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".