Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery in South America
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Very little information is available about the epidemiology of congenital heart disease in developing parts of the world, including South America. This article describes the incidence of congenital cardiac disease, the different treatment rates among countries, and future solutions for achieving improved coverage for the children with cardiac diseases in South America. An incidence of congenital cardiac disease of 8 per 1000 live births appears to be a fair approximation for the population of the world and also the population in South America. Nevertheless, a wide variation exists in the observed incidence of congenital cardiac disease in South American countries, which can be partly explained by inequalities in the access to diagnosis, differences in the diagnostic criteria, and true regional variations. It is estimated that 58,718 children are born yearly with congenital heart disease in South America. Brazil, Colombia, and Argentina have the highest number, followed by Peru, Venezuela, Chile, Ecuador, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Guyana. It is also estimated that in South America, 24,081 children per year with a new diagnosis of congenital cardiac disease do not receive any treatment. This paper provides strategies for improving the access to and quality of pediatric cardiac surgery in South America.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".