Experimental study on slotted rectangular and square hollow structural section (HSS) tension connections
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An experimental study has been carried out on slotted hollow structural section (HSS) connections with and without welding at the end of the gusset plate. A total of 30 slotted square and rectangular HSS specimens, with 16 different connection configurations, were investigated for effects of weld length ratio, slot orientation, gusset plate thickness, slot opening length, and end welding. Experimental results show that the net section efficiency of the specimen with no end welding was greater than unity for a weld length ratio (L/w), where L is weld length and w is the circumferenctial distance between the longitudinal welds, as low as 0.8, and full net section efficiency was achieved with L/w ratio as low as 0.76 for a square HSS specimen with end welding. These results support findings from other research that show provisions to account for the effect of shear lag in slotted HSS connections are overly conservative in both Canadian and American design standards. Recommendations are provided to improve on provisions to account for shear lag in the Canadian design standard.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".