Drinking Habits of Older Canadians: A Comparison of the 1994 and 2004 National Surveys
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study examines changes in the alcohol consumption of Canadians aged 55 and older from the 1990s to the 2000s and investigates whether the differences persist after controlling for the socio-demographic composition of the samples. The data included two subsamples of respondents 55 to 74 years of age from two cross-sectional Canadian surveys: the 1994 CADS (1,071 men and 1,446 women) and the 2004 GENACIS (1,494 men and 2,176 women). One-way ANOVAs revealed significantly higher rates of drinkers and binge drinking in 2004 but no differences in drinking profiles. Regression analyses showed that the observed differences did not disappear when controlling for socio-demographic composition. The higher rates of drinkers in 2004 may be explained by a social and environmental context that was more favourable to alcohol consumption in the 2000s. More research is needed to disentangle the age-cohort-period effects on alcohol consumption among Canadian older adults.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".