Effects of diffraction and radiation on a submerged sphere
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper deals with an investigation of the effects of diffraction and radiation on a submerged sphere in water of finite depth d. We assume that the fluid is homogeneous, inviscid, and incompressible, and the fluid motion is irrotational. In real situations, the submerged sphere will experience six degrees of freedom (i.e., motions); three translational and three rotational. In this paper, however, we consider a very idealized situation because of the complex nature of the physical problem. Two important motions, namely, the surge (horizontal oscillations) and the heave (vertical oscillations) motions are studied. Our attention is mainly focused on the hydrodynamic coefficients of these motions. The crux of the problem lies entirely on the determination of these coefficients which are inherently related to the determination of the motions of the submerged sphere in regular waves. This type of problem is usually solved by using potential theory, and mathematically, we look for the solution of a velocity potential which satisfies Laplace′s equation along with the free surface, body surface, and bottom boundary conditions in conjunction with a radiation condition. This boundary value problem, in fact, consists of two separate problems: (a) diffraction problem and (b) radiation problem.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".